ERC20 is a protocol standard that defines certain rules and standards for issuing tokens on Ethereum’s network.

In ‘ERC20’, ERC stands for Ethereum Request For Comments and 20 stands for a unique ID number to distinguish this standard from others.

Similar to the fact that we have an HTTP protocol for internet, we have a standard protocol for tokens to be issued on Ethereum i.e. ERC20.

To put it in layman terms, if you include certain functions in the token’s smart contract, you are ERC20 compliant. If you don’t include the mandatory functions, you are not ERC20.

You can see those functions here.

So, those tokens on Ethereum’s network checks all the necessary boxes i.e. includes the necessary functions in their token implementation which are deemed as ERC20 tokens.

These are crypto-assets or crypto-tokens which can be traded like Bitcoin or Ethereum or Litecoin but unlike these cryptocurrencies, they don’t have their dedicated blockchain. Instead, they thrive on Ethereum’s blockchain and bring several benefits for the users.

হাই বন্ধু,

গতকাল আমার এক বন্ধু পিসিং দ্বারা হ্যাক হয়েছে ক্লিপবোর্ড আক্রমণ দ্বারা ,আমি বলতে চাচ্ছি তিনি তার ETH হারাল। এটা খুব বিপজ্জনক হ্যাক।
আপনি কপি এবং পেস্ট করার সময় ক্লিপবোর্ড আক্রমণ আপনার পাসওয়ার্ড বা ঠিকানা পরিবর্তন এবং কোন তথ্য জানতে পারে।

সুতরাং, আপনি আপনার কপি এবং আপনার পাসওয়ার্ড বা ঠিকানা পেস্ট করার সময় Be careful। আপনার পাসওয়ার্ড বা ঠিকানা paste korar পরে প্রতিবার চেক করুন।


এবং আপনি একটি ম্যানুয়াল কৌশল ব্যবহার করতে পারেন যা অনন্য।

যেখানেই আপনি আপনার ঠিকানা বা ব্যক্তিগত কী সংরক্ষণ করবেন ekti digit সরিয়ে ফেলবেন এবং এটি সংরক্ষণ করবেন। কিন্তু আপনি digit ti মনে রাখতে হবে কারণ যখন আপনি পেস্ট করবেন।

এই কৌশলটি দরকারী।

আপনার পাসওয়ার্ড থাকলেও কেউ আপনাকে হ্যাক করতে পারে না।

কারণ আপনি সঠিক পাসওয়ার্ড জানেন।

What are Bitcoin ETFs and Why are They Controversial?

Less than a month ago, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) delayed a decision to approve a Bitcoin-based ETF. In a few days, it will decide on another proposed Bitcoin ETF. This article briefly explains what an ETF is, different types of Bitcoin ETFs, challenges to Bitcoin ETF approval, and which Bitcoin ETFs are likely to be approved first.

What is an ETF?

A lot of people have been talking lately about the creation of Bitcoin ETFs. An ETF (“exchange traded fund”) is a security that tracks some underlying assets. these assets could be equities, bonds, commodities, or cryptocurrency. An ETF takes custody of the underlying assets. A custodian (bank or other financial entity) is responsible for safeguarding the fund’s assets. Then it issues a number of shares that represent ownership of those assets.

Types of Bitcoin ETFs

There are two basic types of Bitcoin ETFs:

ETFs that “physically” hold BTC, for example, VanEck/SolidX (supported by the Chicago Board Options Exchange).
ETFs that purchase Bitcoin derivatives. These ETFs are not based on actual BTC holdings but on trading Bitcoin futures, options, swaps, money market instruments, and other investment vehicles. Two examples of Bitcoin derivative ETFs are the Direxion ETF and Proshares ETF
The SEC was set to decide whether to approve the VanEck/SolidX Bitcoin ETF in early August but delayed its decision. In a few days, it will decide the fate of Proshares. However, unlike with VanEck/SolidX, the SEC cannot delay this decision.

Concerns about Bitcoin ETFs

ETFs are traded on exchanges, which means they are traded in a way similar to public equities. The regulatory requirements to having an ETF approved are stringent because being listed on an exchange lets anyone invest in them. When the SEC evaluates a proposed ETF it is concerned with minimizing conflicts of interest, errors in tracking, manipulations, and that investment risks are reasonable and properly disclosed.

Custody Risk

One big worry about ETFs that hold Bitcoin is custody risk. Custody risk is essentially the risk that an ETF custodian might go bankrupt and no longer support the ETF. This is a particular concern with ETFs that hold physical Bitcoin. Bitcoin is largely traded on unregulated international exchanges that risk being hacked or going out of business. The value of Bitcoin is also highly volatile.

Non-transparent Data Sources

However, reducing custody risk is still easier than mitigating the risks of errors in tracking Bitcoin’s value. This concern applies to primarily to derivative Bitcoin ETFs. Compared to regulated equities, cryptocurrency markets are less transparent and more costly. Further, small price changes can have a huge impact on the ETF’s value because of leveraged trading. The result is investors need to have a lot of trust in a derivative Bitcoin ETF manager to properly track the performance of Bitcoin.

Conclusion

This year, there has been progressing on custody solutions for cryptocurrency assets. The BTC in VanEck & SolidXs proposal are now insured, which may improve its chances of approval in the future. ETFs based on physical Bitcoin holdings are also the most transparent in terms of value-tracking. However, derivatives-based Bitcoin ETFs carry less custodial risk, which is a point in their favour. In any case, with the SEC having yet to approve any Bitcoin ETFs and cryptomarket volatility persisting, the upcoming decision on the Proshare ETF will be watched closely and will certainly have an impact on Bitcoin and the broader crypto market.\

Source: https://hackernoon.com/what-are-bitcoin-etfs-and-why-are-they-controversial-c9509a925594

বিটকয়েন ইটিএফ তৈরির বিষয়ে বেশিরভাগ লোক কথা বলছেন। ETF ("এক্সচেঞ্জ ট্রেডার্ড ফান্ড") একটি নিরাপত্তা যা কিছু অন্তর্নিহিত সম্পদগুলিকে অনুসরণ করে। এই সম্পত্তি ইক্যুইটি, বন্ড, পণ্য, বা cryptocurrency হতে পারে। একটি ইটিএফ অন্তর্নিহিত সম্পত্তির হেফাজতে নেয়। একটি custodian (ব্যাংক বা অন্যান্য আর্থিক সত্তা) তহবিলের সম্পদ রক্ষা করার জন্য দায়ী। তারপর এটি শেয়ারের একটি সংখ্যা Market এ Issue করে যা তাদের সম্পদ মালিকানা প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে।

✔All bounty participants are required to join:
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✔Mandatory registration on our website. (Bounty Payment will be given in website wallet)
✔The Team reserves their right to make changes to the terms at any moment.
✔We reserve the right to limit the number of participants for any of the campaigns.
✔Only one account per one person.
✔Using multi-accounts, cheating and spamming is not allowed.
✔Each week lasts from Monday to Sunday
✔ALL BOUNTY INQUIRIES should be managed on Bounty Telegram group.
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Only the referral one will be given in real time.
✔If you have any special offer write us in Bounty telegram group.





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.ExpoCoin

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★ShowMeBiz★ Innovative business VR/AR Platform based on Blockchain

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✔  №1 platform for Exhibition Industry ✔  Revenue sharing platform ✔  Highly secure platform

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Up To 50% Referal Bonus ANN - Whitepaper - Twitter - Telegram

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A new analysis from the European Parliament Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs asserts that cryptocurrency can be used as an alternative to money.

The statement is part of an exhaustive review that defines how crypto works and the impact it may have on the global economy.

Here’s a look at some of the highlights.

Crypto Can Be Used as an Alternative to Money

“Digital currencies, also known as ‘virtual currencies’ or ‘cryptocurrencies’ can be defined as ‘a digital representation of value, not issued by a central bank, credit institution or e-money institution, which in some circumstances can be used as an alternative to money.

Their value is determined by the law of supply and demand, relying on potential exchanges for other goods or sovereign currencies, and it is not backed by any monetary authority (decentralised character). The supply (creation of new units) is often managed by computer algorithms, which help to create scarcity to maintain value. The common feature of the various digital currencies is the use of DLTs to manage value exchanges. Digital currencies management encompasses services such as cryptocurrency payments, cryptocurrency wallets, exchange and trading solutions for cryptocurrencies (cryptocurrency brokerage) and mining.”

Crypto Is Disruptive and Innovative

“Other innovations with a relevant impact in the financial sector are the new cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, which are digital currencies that operate in a decentralised way by means of P2P technologies, like blockchain, and without participation or supervision by any central bank or institution. These cryptocurrencies offer technological and operational paradigms that are a source of disruption for the entire sector, including monetary policy and financial stability.

All these disruptive and innovative applications utilise new and emerging technologies, among which those stand out are AI, cloud computing, biometrics, digital identity, blockchain, cybersecurity, RegTech, internet of things (IoT), augmented reality, etc.”

Central Banks May Issue Their Own Digital Currencies

“The arrival of permissioned cryptocurrencies promoted by banks, even by central banks, will reshape the current competition level in the inter-cryptocurrency market, broadening the number of competitors. A potential inadequacy of traditional competition policy to address competition issues in the cryptocurrency markets can be found, suggesting direct public participation through a central-bank digital currency as a remedy.”

Crypto Is Challenging for Regulators

“The international nature of cryptocurrency markets is also a challenge to competition policy at the European level. Many of the players operate from global locations outside the jurisdiction of European competition authorities, which makes investigation or prosecution on anticompetitive behaviours more difficult. Europe leads, at international level, the supply of wallet and exchange services, with 42% and 37% in terms of number of players. It is also the principal actor in payments (33%). Nevertheless, the main weakness of Europe is the concentration of the mining activity on non-European countries (Europe only capture just 13% of the current mining market). Mining is the most strategic, sophisticated and technology dependent activity in the cryptocurrency market, and there currently appears to be a significant concentration of mining activities occurring in certain Chinese provinces.”

You can check the full report here---->>https://www.finextra.com/finextra-downloads/newsdocs/ipol_stu.pdf

Source: https://dailyhodl.com/

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed at The Daily Hodl are not investment advice. Investors should do their due diligence before making any high-risk investments in Bitcoin or cryptocurrency. Your transfers and trades are at your own risk. Any losses you may incur are your responsibility. Please note that The Daily Hodl participates in affiliate marketing.

There are lots of ICO are available right now in the market. Also, more will come soon. I think this crypto related project are good assets for the crypto environment. To support this large number of assets more exchanges are necessary. Or limited exchanges are enough to support. What do you think?

Researchers have been warning for years about critical issues with the Signaling System 7 (SS7) that could allow hackers to listen in private phone calls and read text messages on a potentially vast scale, despite the most advanced encryption used by cellular networks.

Despite fixes being available for years, the global cellular networks have consistently been ignoring this serious issue, saying that the exploitation of the SS7 weaknesses requires significant technical and financial investment, so is a very low risk for people.

However, earlier this year we saw a real-world attacks, hackers utilised this designing flaw in SS7 to drain victims' bank accounts by intercepting two-factor authentication code (one-time passcode, or OTP) sent by banks to their customers and redirecting it to themselves.

If that incident wasn't enough for the global telecoms networks to consider fixing the flaws, white hat hackers from Positive Technologies now demonstrated how cybercriminals could exploit the SS7 flaw to take control of the online bitcoin wallets to steal all your funds.

Created in the 1980s, SS7 is a telephony signalling protocol that powers over 800 telecom operators across the world, including AT&T and Verizon, to interconnect and exchange data, like routing calls and texts with one another, enabling roaming and other services.

While demonstrating the attack, the Positive researchers first obtained Gmail address and phone number of the target, and then initiated a password reset request for the account, which involved sending a one-time authorization token to be sent to the target's phone number.

Just like in previous SS7 hacks, the Positive researchers were able to intercept the SMS messages containing the 2FA code by exploiting known designing flaws in SS7 and gain access to the Gmail inbox.

From there, the researchers went straight to the Coinbase account that was registered with the compromised Gmail account and initiated another password reset, this time, for the victim's Coinbase wallet. They then logged into the wallet and emptied it of crypto-cash.

Fortunately, this attack was carried out by security researchers rather than cybercriminals, so there wasn't any actual fraud of bitcoin cryptocurrencies.

This issue looks like a vulnerability in Coinbase, but it's not. The real weakness resides in the cellular system itself.
Positive Technologies has also posted a proof-of-concept video, demonstrating how easy it is to hack into a bitcoin wallet just by intercepting text messages in transit.

Different SS7 Attack Scenarios

This attack is not limited to only cryptocurrency wallets. Any service, be it Facebook or Gmail, that relies on two-step verification are vulnerable to the attacks.

The designing flaws in SS7 have been in circulation since 2014 when a team of researchers at German Security Research Labs alerted the world to it.

The flaws could allow hackers to listen to phone calls and intercept text messages on a potentially massive scale, despite the most advanced encryption used by cellular network operators.

Last year, the researchers from Positive Technologies also gave demonstrations on the WhatsApp, Telegram, and Facebook hacks using the same designing flaws in SS7 to bypass two-factor authentication used by those services.

At TV program 60 Minutes, Karsten Nohl of German Security Research Labs last year demonstrated the SS7 attack on US Congressman Ted Lieu's phone number (with his permission) and successfully intercepted his iPhone, recorded call, and tracked his precise location in real-time just by using his cell phone number and access to an SS7 network.
Although the network operators are unable to patch the issues anytime soon, there's little a smartphone user can do.

Avoid using two-factor authentication via SMS texts for receiving OTP codes. Instead, rely on cryptographically-based security keys as a second authentication factor.

Source: thehackernews.com