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Topics - LeziT

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16
NFTs & Collectibles / Polkamon: Digital Collectible NFTs
« on: April 28, 2021, 04:27:28 PM »
NFTs are the latest players in the crypto space, creating a real buzz in the community. They have gained significant traction thanks to their use in the digital art space, blockchain gaming, and the digital collectables space.

NFTs are a little difficult to understand, but their popularity has skyrocketed, with some crypto enthusiasts even saying that NFTs have surpassed cryptocurrencies in popularity. A digital artwork created by the artist Beeple auctioned at an eye-watering $69 million. With celebrities like Elon Musk also backing NFTs, NFTs have become the asset that everyone in the crypto space wants to get their hands on.

Let’s Understand What An NFT Means?
A Non Fungible Token or NFT is a digital asset that is based on the Ethereum blockchain. They are unique assets with their identifying information stored in smart contracts. The identifying information is what makes each NFT unique. NFTs are non-fungible, which means that one NFT cannot be exchanged for another. This quality makes NFTs different from fungible assets like Bitcoin or fiat currency. Bitcoin is fungible because an individual can exchange one bitcoin for another. Bitcoin is also divisible, allowing individuals to trade smaller amounts.

NFTs are the opposite of fungible assets; Individuals cannot exchange them since each NFT is unique. NFTs are almost exclusive to the Ethereum blockchain, utilizing the ERC-721 and the ERC-1155 token standard. The use of these tokens guarantees that the asset will behave in a certain way and allows developers to quickly deploy the NFTs, ensuring better compatibility with the ecosystem.

What Is Polkamon?
Polkamons are described as exquisite and animated digital collectibles that are created using blockchain technology. They introduce 3D NFTs to the digital collectibles space, allowing users to collect rare digital monsters. Each Polkamon has a different level of scarcity and is backed by a unique NFT, which can be unpacked using the $PMON token. Users can also integrate them into other blockchain-based products.

Each Polkamon has a rich metadata set that describes the properties and characteristics of each Polkamon. They are also Layer-2 compatible, allowing them to be integrated into Layer-2 applications. This will enable owners of Polkamon collectibles to incorporate them into their collection of games and art.

The Team And Vision Behind Polkamon
Polkamon’s team consists of CEO Leif Eric Leiser, an experienced full-stack developer, and serial entrepreneur. Lennart Brandt is the CMO, has significant experience in the crypto space, and founded several apps; Finn Hansen completes the trio and is an experienced front-end developer and an NFT collectible enthusiast.

They describe their vision as three separate layers that can become the building blocks for a sustainable and modern ecosystem for collectibles. The decentralized ownership system based on NFTs sits on the base layer, supported by an ERC-20 token. The token makes trades easier and improves liquidity. The second layer sits on top of the base layer and enriches NFTs through rich visuals and detailed metadata. The final layer is the application layer, upon which proven ownership, visuals, and rich metadata create a universe of utilization.

Utilization layers: The team at Polkamon believes that the key to growth is heavily dependent on the quantity and the quality of utilization layers. To achieve this, the team is focusing on building partnerships with several players for layer-2 utilization.
Visuals and Metadata: These are easy to integrate with Polkamon and are the most significant growth drivers for the platform. It can also act as a support layer for applications.
Decentralized NFTs and tokens: This layer forms the base of the Polkamon ecosystem, ensuring the highest level of trust in ownership.
What Are The Characteristics Of Each Polkamon?
Each Polkamon has unique characteristics, some of which are

Glitter: These are extremely rare and are considered to be extremely collectible Polkamon.
Polkamon: Each Polkamon comes in different colors.
Horn: Each Polkamon possesses a unique horn. Why? If only we knew.
Ultra-rare: These are the rarest Polkamon of the Polkamon universe. You could spend an eternity finding them and yet not run into them.
The Polkamon collection
As we know, Polkamon exists in different shapes and sizes. During the IDO, interested individuals could claim an egg by paying a certain amount as gas fees for the egg. The egg could hatch into one of the collectible dragons.

The available collections are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Monero, Uniaqua, and Uniturtle, with more to be added.

Features Of Polkamon
Some unique features of Polkamon are

Cross-Chain: Polkamon uses both Ethereum and Polkadot, allowing the project to leverage other blockchains. This is thanks to the cross-blockchain transfer feature on Polkadot.
Staking: Users can also stake their $PMON token and Polkamon and receive rewards and extra $PMON tokens, giving users an incentive to stake both NFTs and tokens.
Liquidity: The $PMON token also acts as a liquidity provider to the Polkamon project, providing significant liquidity and also provides a swapping mechanism between $PMON and NFTs.
Scarcity: Each Polkamon is different and unique, with varying levels of rarity. Some Polkamons are so rare that they are often defined as ultra-rare.
Deflationary: Polkamon is hyper-deflationary, ensuring a scarcity of assets through the burning of $PMONs for every swap and reverse-swap.
The Token
The $PMON token is the key to Polkamon, with users needing it to access Polkamon. The total supply of the $PMON tokens is set at 10 million, with the initial supply pegged at 1.8 million, with the price fixed at $0.40 per token.

The Polkamon Ecosystem
The Polkamon ecosystem comprises marketplaces and interconnected apps. Users can explore different collections or showcase their collections by using native mobile apps. Users can also browse for more information about Polkamons and the Polkamon ecosystem while purchasing $PMON. They can also utilize widgets and keep their most valuable Polkamons with them at all times.

Polkamon Utility
Polkamon are digital collectibles that are backed by NFTs and can also be integrated into different blockchains. Some of the uses are

Layer-2 integration: Polkamon can be integrated into Layer-2 applications with the metadata set describing the qualities of each Polkamon.
Proof of ownership: Since NFTs back Polkamon, Their owners can integrate them into collections or in different games.
Conclusion
Polkamon has an exciting roadmap ahead, and there will be changes applied to each Polkamon, like the addition of sound and the expansion of the ecosystem through the introduction of apps and widgets. Polkamon hopes to kick-start a future towards NFT-based collectibles.

The low barrier of entry has made the project an attractive prospect to individuals trying to get into the NFT space. It will be extremely interesting to see the direction that the project takes in 2021 and beyond.

Polkamon: Digital Collectible NFTs
https://cryptonews.net/586804/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

17
Zilliqa is entering the world of football with a project involving many important footballers. At the moment, everything is just rumours. In fact, there are no official announcements, but some important partners are confirmed and each has announced it via Twitter.

They are:

Renato Sanches, from Lille;
Rúben Dias, from Manchester City;
Diego Costa (currently untied);
João Félix, from Atletico Madrid;
Keylor Navas, from Paris Saint-Germain;
Radamel Falcao, of Galatasaray;
Diogo Jota, from Liverpool;
Raúl Jiménez, of Wolverhampton;
James Rodríguez, of Everton.
I can’t wait to partner with the brilliant Zilliqa team and show the world how powerful #blockchain can be. Follow me and @zilliqa to find out more! pic.twitter.com/3ZV9OdJwtp

— Rúben Dias (@rubendias) April 27, 2021

All of them tweeted yesterday a video of a few seconds in which they announce their entry into the world of blockchain with Zilliqa, together with two hashtags: and.

At the moment, as anticipated, the project has not yet been officially revealed, but on Reddit, someone has speculated that it could be something related to NFT.

Another clue about the project comes from Polaris Sports, a brand that takes care of the images of many footballers, including those who have already made their partnership with Zilliqa official. At the moment, Polaris has not explained what the project is about.

But the more curious have not missed a detail: Polaris also takes care of the image of another footballer who, if only he joined the project, would certainly make him explode: Cristiano Ronaldo, currently playing for Juventus.

Zilliqa and football
In any case, the various tweets from the players have reached millions of followers who now expect something directly from Zilliqa.

While we wait for everything to be revealed, this is an incredible amount of visibility for the blockchain, which could also lead to an increase in the value of the ZIL token, which not surprisingly is up around 12% today, one of the best performances of the day. ZIL is currently worth 19 cents, and is attempting to recover its all-time high of 24 cents, reached about 10 days ago.

What is certain is that with this secret project (not for long), Zilliqa is increasing the attention on itself and thus on the already growing NFT market, where it plays a leading role.

Zilliqa in the world of football for an NFT project
https://cryptonews.net/587778/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

18
The Ethereum-native people-powered alternative to insurance, Nexus Mutual, is expanding its services to other chains.

Nexus Mutual Follows the Money
Using Nexus Mutual, users can share risk through a decentralized system of claims and refunds. While the protocol was originally designed to protect users from smart contract risks in DeFi, it is now expanding fast. In January, they added protection against exchange risks on Coinbase and Binance (lost funds or prolonged withdrawal halts).

Shortly after, it began offering protection for centralized lending and borrowing services like Hodlnaut and BlockFi. Now, the platform is joining the multi-chain trend.

Nexus Mutual announced their new Protocol Cover program on Monday morning, covering problems on other popular smart contract networks. The first group of projects includes Polkadot, Cosmos, and Binance Smart Chain. Users will be covered for smart contract bugs, oracle attacks, governance failings, and hacks.

CEO Hugh Karp insisted on the importance of staying up to date with changes in DeFi and the evolution of new blockchains. Nexus Mutual has seen a sharp increase in usage in 2021.

Nexus Mutual Unveils Insurance for Binance Smart Chain, Polkadot, Cosmos
https://cryptonews.net/580728/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

19
Japanese restaurant Okra Hong Kong has joined a queue of firms that accept cryptocurrencies as a means of payment. The company hopes to benefit its clients by making it easier for them to make payments and providing them with enhanced security.

Okra Kitchen is an extension of Okra 1949 in Beijing, China. The izakaya restaurant located in the Sai Ying Pun neighborhood of Hong Kong focuses on preparing Sakes, charcoal-grilled small plates, and sashimi.

The Japanese restaurant is known to seek opportunities to embrace new technologies and is riding the wave of Coinbase’s public listing on the Nasdaq stock exchange to adopt cryptocurrencies.

Retaining an upfront position in pushing the kitchen industry forward, restaurateur Chef of Okra Hong Kong Max Levy continues to look for technological innovations that will give both guests and restaurant owners more flexible, reasonable, secure, and convenient payment solutions.

In light of its latest move to accept cryptocurrencies as payments, the restaurant now accepts Hong Kong dollar equivalent payments in Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Binance USD (BUSD), and Ripple (XRP).

Customers who visit the restaurant and pay for their meals with cryptocurrencies will receive 5% off of their total bill similar to the standard fees businesses that use credit card payments have to pay. The restaurant will write the menu prices in Hong Kong dollars and the customers will receive a conversion rate before making payment.

Concerning the restaurant’s latest step into the crypto space, Chef Max Levy stated “We have always tried to pivot with the newest technology outside of social media to help offer a better and more rewarding experience for our guests.”

“The evolving world of digital currency and blockchain is something that will benefit not only our industry by saving us high transaction fees from banks and credit card processing companies, but it will soon become a much more beneficial way for our guests to pay,” he continued

In a similar development, the popular American news magazine and publication Time Magazine, through a partnership deal with Crypto.com now accept cryptocurrency payments from clients.

Popular Hong Kong Resturant, Okra Kitchen Now Accept Cryptocurrencies
https://cryptonews.net/580778/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

20
Ethereum News & Updates / Amnesia Ibiza Launching on Ethereum
« on: April 26, 2021, 05:09:53 PM »
The world-famous club has Amnesia Ibiza partnered with Decentral Games to open a virtual space on the Ethereum blockchain.

Set to launch in June, the club’s virtual offering will feature three rooms. They include Amnesia Experience, which will recreate Amnesia events in real-time, and Amnesia Hype will be a live stream space. The third room will be announced this summer.

Decentral Games is an Ethereum-based virtual world that forms part of what’s become known as “the metaverse.”

It allows users to explore virtual parcels of land, which take the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Examples of virtual spaces in Decentral Games include digital art galleries and casinos. Decentral Games has its own NFT store and auction house where users can also add to their personal NFT collections. While it’s built on Ethereum, it recently added support for Polygon, one of the network’s leading scaling solutions.

Miles Anthony, Decentral Games founder and CEO, explained that the partnership could boost Decentral Games and Amnesia’s profiles. He said:

“Bringing such an established name from the entertainment industry onto the metaverse is very exciting for us. This partnership is a move that is bound to breathe new air to both parties, which is expected to not just add value to user experience but also to overall market worth.”

According to marketing materials seen by Crypto Briefing, the partnership will generate “at least $10 million” of revenue in the first year. The bulk of that will be split equally between Decentral Games and Amnesia, with a 10% cut going to a separate event organizer.

Virtual clubbing has become a widely discussed concept recently, with many of the world’s leading nightclubs shuttered due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Various clubs turned to live streams during lockdowns as a way of engaging with the dance music community.

Amnesia’s entire 2020 season was canceled, while the rest of Ibiza stayed closed. Some events are scheduled for this year, though it’s unclear whether they’ll be able to go ahead. Martin Ferrer, CEO at Amnesia, stated that the Decentral Games club would allow fans worldwide to experience the venue through a new lens. He said:

“This partnership with Decentral Games will bring Amnesia Ibiza into our fans’ homes, allowing them to recreate the unique Amnesia experience through Decentral Games’ 3D metaverse environment. We are also excited to reach out to new fans from all over the world!”

In addition to the club events, attendees will get access to the Amnesia NFT store, selling electronic music, DJ’s autographs, and in-game wearables. The wearables will be produced alongside Amnesia artists and allow users to earn DG tokens, Decentral Games native asset.

Amnesia Ibiza is one of the world’s most popular superclubs. It opened in Ibiza in 1976 and has become one of the island’s key attractions for clubbers worldwide. Its regular guests include Carl Cox, Sven Väth, and Ricardo Villalobos.

Disclosure: At the time of writing, the author of this feature owned ETH, MATIC, and several other cryptocurrencies.

Amnesia Ibiza to Open Nightclub in Ethereum Metaverse
https://cryptonews.net/580440/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

21
quarter of last year. Canaan said the SHA256 bitcoin mining rig produces a hashrate of 90TH/s with a power efficiency of 38J/TH.
“Backed by our robust supply chain model, we are excited to be partnering with Mawson in their next phase of growth as they ramp up their mining activities,” said Nangeng Zhang, CEO of Canaan.
In March, Canaan reported orders for its cryptocurrency mining machines were rising amid sky-high prices for bitcoin, with increased demand for its equipment from North America and Central Asia since late 2020.
As reported by CoinDesk, bitcoin’s hashrate, which is a way to measure the total power consumption and mining output of the network, has topped new all-time highs as mining firms like Mawson Infrastructure continue to add more hash power.

Canaan to Supply 11,760 Bitcoin Miners to Mawson’s Australian, US Operations
https://www.coindesk.com/canaan-bitcoin-miners-mawson-australia-us-operations?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

22
Bitcoin’s global hashrate dropped ten days ago following a coal mine accident that caused significant grid blackouts in Xinjiang, China. While initial estimates had shown more than 40% of the hashrate dropped, statistics from a five-day average show the hashpower only lost around 25%. Meanwhile, Chinese miners located in Sichuan may put more pressure on hydropower, as province officials have revealed electricity rates are scheduled to increase 150% this year.

Sichuan Electricity Trading Division Report Notes Electrical Prices in the Region Will Increase by 150%
Mining bitcoin is extremely competitive and miners are spread out all around the world in order to obtain the cheapest electricity rates they can acquire. Because electrical costs in China are far less than a great number of regions around the world, a large portion of bitcoin miners reside in the country.

At one time years ago it was estimated that more than 65% of the hashrate was in China, while more recent studies have shown the concentration has dropped to around 50% of the hashrate.

Following a recent hashrate drop in the province of Xinjiang, a regional report notes that people leveraging electricity in Sichuan may see an electrical cost increase. Financial columnist Priyeshu Garg explains that Sichuan electricity powered by carbon materials will increase by 150% this year.

The revelations stem from the Sichuan Electricity Trading Division who revealed the increase on April 10, 2021. However, the increase will likely be felt by non-mining entities leveraging Sichuan’s grid first, because officials want to decrease dependency on the use of thermal power from coal mines.


As Coal Mine Power Increases and Carbon-based Power Facilities Are Decommissioned, Demand for Hydropower Is Expected to Increase
China’s carbon-neutral policy aims to reduce the dependence on carbon-based power, making it so non-mining entities will be forced to use hydropower too. Bitcoin miners in Sichuan already use the region’s hydropower and can get around $0.02/kWh.

Priyeshu Garg says the relatively inexpensive $0.02/kWh rate in Sichuan increased by 16% since last year. The Sichuan Electricity Trading Division’s report estimates that bitcoin miners alone will consume 11.3 billion kWh in 2021.

The regional reporter notes that with the rainy season starting soon, more bitcoin miners are expected to migrate to Sichuan in mass numbers. Accordingly, this will boost the dependency on all hydropower resources and if other non-mining entities are competing for this type of power, hydropower could see a price increase follow suit.

The Sichuan Electricity Trading Division notes that the current amount of hydropower available is already short in supply.

China's Carbon Neutral Stance Puts Pressure on BTC Miners, Sichuan Electricity to Increase 150%
https://cryptonews.net/575962/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

23
With their abundant renewable energy resources, Iceland, Sweden and Norway have all been popular locations for eco-friendly Bitcoin mining. But per the Economic Times, this could be set to change.

As a result of rising climate challenges, these countries might soon turn their back on the crypto industry, as renewable energy is redirected to face more pressing challenges in the quest for a smaller carbon footprint.

“There could be very little excess energy in 2021 and 2022,” said Hordur Arnarson, chief executive officer at Landsvirkjun, Iceland’s national power company.

Bitcoin mining in the Nordic region
Sweden, Norway and Iceland have an abundance of geothermal, hydro, and wind power—energy sources that have long been touted as cheap renewable options for Bitcoin miners. In contrast, Chinese mining is dominated by coal.

But according to the Economic Times, the Nordic region’s renewable energy will soon be redirected to oil rigs and steelmakers—industries that are also in need of clean energy.

Bitfarms Is Bringing Hydroelectric Bitcoin Mining to Argentina
Arnarson stated that “because of the climate issues we see a lot of very interesting segments that are growing rapidly, and several of them need electricity.”

In fact, the decline in Bitcoin mining is already evident in Norway. Per Cambridge University, Norway’s global share of Bitcoin mining has dropped from just under 1% in the third quarter of 2019, to 0.48% today.

What is Bitcoin mining?
Bitcoin mining is the process by which new Bitcoin is created.

Bitcoin miners use computers to process complex mathematical problems—consuming immense levels of electricity in the process—in order to add new blocks to the Bitcoin blockchain and bring new Bitcoin into circulation.

The exact energy consumption of Bitcoin mining is hard to quantify, but an estimate from Cambridge University has the industry consuming approximately 120 terawatt-hours of electricity per year. This is equivalent to more electricity consumption than most countries.

In turn, that electrical consumption translates into a carbon footprint. Again, Bitcoin mining’s exact carbon footprint is hard to quantify, but Decrypt has previously noted how Bitcoin’s carbon footprint equates to approximately 61 billion pounds of burned coal, 9 million average homes’ average energy consumption for the year, or 138 billion miles driven by an average passenger vehicle.

For some, there are solutions on the table. One of these solutions is to move Bitcoin’s blockchain from its current consensus algorithm, proof-of-work, to the more energy-efficient proof-of-stake mechanism.

Ethereum, the second-biggest cryptocurrency by market cap, is moving from proof of work to proof of stake with its long-awaited ETH 2.0 upgrade. It’s possible that Bitcoin could follow suit or adopt a hybrid approach, Alex Zhao, CEO of Standard Hashrate Group, told Decrypt. He explained that by issuing a hashrate token on the proof of stake Binance Smart Chain, “we are enabling a type of hybrid approach already.”

However, according to a recent study in scientific journal Nature, Bitcoin’s carbon footprint is only going to get worse, with Bitcoin mining in China set to pump out 130 million metric tons of carbon emissions by 2024. That alone is equivalent to 14% of the world’s aviation industry’s carbon footprint in 2019.

Bitcoin Mining Is Going Cold In The Nordic Region
https://cryptonews.net/560854/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

24
Quantum computing has long been regarded as Bitcoin (BTC)’s ‘bogeyman.’ The popular fear is that, as secure as Bitcoin and other proof-of-work cryptoassets are in terms of standard cryptography, quantum computers could provide additional means of breaking them.

One other popular assumption is that, because they don’t use PoW, proof-of-stake cryptoassets such as Cardano (ADA), Polkadot (DOT), and Tron (TRX) (and eventually, Ethereum (ETH)) aren’t as vulnerable to quantum computing attacks as networks like Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash (BCH) and Litecoin (LTC). However, according to a variety of computer scientists and crypto experts, it’s not the consensus mechanism of a coin which creates the biggest risk in terms of quantum computers, but rather the signature system.

In other words, given that the vast majority of PoS cryptoassets also use (non-quantum) cryptographic signature systems to sign individual transactions, they’re nearly as vulnerable to quantum hacks as their PoW rivals. That said, the advent of sufficiently powerful quantum computers is still some way off, while their emergence is likely to incentivize a widespread shift to post-quantum cryptography.

51% attacks and signature attacks
The important point to make when considering whether PoS is less vulnerable to quantum computing is that there are two mechanisms by which a quantum computer might violate a cryptoasset:

The mechanism used to win the right to publish a block of transactions and to achieve distributed consensus (e.g. PoW or PoS)
The mechanism used to authorize individual transactions (typically involving some public/private key signature system)
It’s the first mechanism that affects PoW more than PoS, with Bitcoin and other proof-of-work coins theoretically vulnerable to a quantum computer-driven 51% attack.


That said, Marek Narożniak — a physics PhD student at New York University who has worked with Prof. Tim Byrne on research into quantum computing — explains that talk of a 51% attack perpetrated by quantum computers still remains theoretical.

“If someone has a sufficiently large quantum computer and wishes to perform a 51% attack — consisting of outperforming remaining miners and producing invalid blocks — it would have to be a really massive quantum machine. The reason for that is that Bitcoin's proof-of-work is based on a hashing function for which there is no known efficient quantum algorithm [that can reverse it],” he told Cryptonews.com.

But while Bitcoin’s weakness compared to PoS cryptoassets is still pretty hypothetical, quantum computing poses another threat that concerns PoS and PoW in equal measure.

“Even if consensus requires no cryptographic ‘work’ [in the case of PoS] it still does rely on cryptography which is currently mainly based on elliptic curves which are vulnerable to quantum algorithms. An attacker with sufficiently powerful quantum computers could break other validators signatures and still mess with the consensus,” said Narożniak.

This is a concern echoed by other commentators. In an analysis published by Deloitte, Bram Bosch wrote that around four million bitcoins are stored in addresses that use p2pk and p2pkh scripting, which is vulnerable to attacks via quantum computers.

“Presently, about 25% of bitcoins in circulation are vulnerable to a quantum attack. Even in case one’s own bitcoins are safe, one might still be impacted if other people will not (or cannot) take the same protection measures,” he told Cryptonews.com.

Again, vulnerable scripting is something that could potentially affect PoS cryptoassets as well as Bitcoin, even if quantum computers are far from being widely available. And even without older schemes such as p2pk(h), Shor’s algorithm — an algorithm for quantum computers — could be used to break many public-key cryptography systems.

“If one has a sufficiently large and reliable quantum computer it would be possible to break the digital signature used to sign Bitcoin transactions. Such a person could use the modified Shor's algorithm to sign transactions which take other people's coins and transfer them at will,” said Marek Narożniak.

He added that the worst thing about this “is that it could not even be detected,” and that PoS is just as vulnerable as PoW: “It would still be possible to produce transactions by breaking cryptographic signatures and producing transactions using someone else's outputs.”

Quantum-resistant solutions
Fortunately, current cryptographic research is more than aware of the theoretical threat posed by quantum computing, so you probably shouldn’t start selling all of your crypto just yet.

Researchers at Imperial College London published a paper in 2019 that outlined a protocol that would allow Bitcoin “users to securely move their funds from non-quantum-resistant outputs to those adhering to a quantum-resistant digital signature scheme.”

In September 2020, Australian computer scientists at Monash Blockchain Technology Centre and CSIRO’s Data61 developed what they described as “the world’s most efficient blockchain protocol that is … secure against quantum computers.”

So solutions seem to be available, should a viable quantum computer emerge that could realistically be used to threaten PoW and PoS cryptoassets. And for most commentators, it’s more likely that existing cryptos will shift to using post-quantum algorithms, rather than new post-quantum cryptoassets appear to take their places.

“I think the latter scenario of existing cryptocurrencies shifting to the use of post-quantum cryptography is going to be far more likely,” said cryptocurrency journalist and analyst Roger Huang. “It occurs to me that it will be much harder to build the legitimacy, network effects, and exchange/off-exchange volume of something like BTC from scratch than it is for BTC to just adopt post-quantum cryptography.”

For Bram Bosch, it still may be some time before the Bitcoin community (or any other) is compelled to actually implement solutions for quantum computing risks.

“The threat of a quantum attack would have to be very obvious and serious before the Bitcoin community would gain consensus on this matter. It’s difficult to predict whether such a threat would emerge suddenly or gradually and as such, whether there would be time to react at all,” he said.

That’s precisely what’s interesting about the danger posed by quantum computing: it’s unknown, unpredictable quality. But given that it’s a risk mostly to the signatures used by pretty much all cryptoassets, we do know it will be a threat to PoS and PoW cryptos alike.

Ethereum Won't Hide From Quantum Computers Behind PoS Shield
https://cryptonews.net/574988/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

25
We are in an unprecedented period of social, political and economic turmoil. As the decentralized financial infrastructure powering billions of dollars of value and building thousands of companies grows, we need to recognize instability around us. The systems, protocols and incentives we create now can be less susceptible to censorship, government overreach and misinformation.

Ethereum 2.0’s design has a number of attractive attributes that make it exceptionally well-positioned to reliably operate through the choppy waters ahead as a neutral infrastructure, not as a biased platform. Individuals, enterprises and governments can be confident that Ethereum 2.0 will continue functioning in the instance of individual or state-actor level attacks. It is a solid foundation on which to build economic and financial infrastructure.

Related: Ethereum 2.0: Less is more... and more is coming

Eth2’s features are particularly relevant when viewed through a broader socioeconomic context:

Governance through rough consensus.
Robust and performant in the face of censorship.
Reliable money for the decentralized economy.
Empowers and enables self-sovereignty.
Eth2 is credibly neutral
Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, wrote a convincing post suggesting credible neutrality, or “a basic effort to be fair,” which should be a guiding principle in protocol design:

“Note that it is not just neutrality that is required here, it is credible neutrality. That is, it is not just enough for a mechanism to not be designed to favor specific people or outcomes over others; it’s also crucially important for a mechanism to be able to convince a large and diverse group of people that the mechanism at least makes that basic effort to be fair.”

As he continues: “Mechanisms such as blockchains, political systems and social media are designed to facilitate cooperation across large, and diverse, groups of people. In order for a mechanism to actually be able to serve as this kind of common substrate, everyone participating must be able to see that the mechanism is fair, and everyone participating must be able to see that everyone else is able to see that the mechanism is fair, because everyone participating wants to be sure that everyone else will not abandon the mechanism the next day.”

Today, if there’s anything that people tend to agree on (at least in the United States) it is that “The economic system unfairly favors the powerful.” To avoid this fate and remain credibly neutral, Eth2 follows in Ethereum’s footsteps, eschewing on-chain governance, in favor of technical governance through rough consensus.

Related: DeFi-ing the odds: Why DeFi could rebuild trust in financial services

This design decision has two nice properties:

Eth2 has rough consensus (finding general agreement, not simple majority rule) and a lack of on-chain governance (a rejection of plutocratic rule). This makes Eth2 governance difficult to capture. By design, it is much harder for entities to force Eth2 to favor or censor others.
Keeping the community together is one of the highest priorities of rough consensus. Rough consensus largely avoids highly contentious or controversial changes whenever possible, since it is difficult to find rough consensus on them. This leaves the decision space of rough consensus to primarily technical topics, which are grounded in facts and logic, and seek to minimize controversy.
Rough consensus isn’t just applicable to or decided by the core developers, but the entire community. There have been many times in Ethereum’s history when the community made its voice heard on important issues to impact Ethereum’s direction. Programmatic proof-of-work, or ProgPoW, is the most recent example: Core developers achieved rough consensus to implement it, but the community did not, and therefore it was not implemented.

In a world that is increasingly polarized, Eth2 cannot favor or disadvantage any individual, entity or group, as it has no mechanism by which it can do so in the first place.

Eth2 is robust and performant in the face of censorship
Cypherpunks were always worried about censorship by governments, but recent times have shown that censorship can also originate with individuals, enterprises and institutions. Eth2 is starting to underpin an entire parallel financial system, making it more important than ever that Eth2 can remain operational in the face of this type of attack.

Most importantly, Eth2 prioritizes liveness over correctness. Ethereum 2.0 researcher and tech developer Carl Beekhuizen outlined how Eth2 can continue producing blocks, even if there is a massive disruption that knocks a large number of validators offline, preventing the network from reaching finality. This robustness allows essential business functions to continue operating on Eth2, despite massive network disruptions.

Robustness is also why it’s so important that Eth2’s design is incredibly forgiving of downtime. Short amounts of uncorrelated downtime (minutes, or even days) have a relatively minor impact on rewards. Validators can change setups or migrate their nodes with confidence in the event of deplatforming, service interruptions or attacks.

On Eth2, validators default to being anonymous with no delegation. When someone attempts to censor, they will have a difficult time coercing a sufficient number of globally distributed, and mostly anonymous, validators to execute their will over an extended period of time.

Eth2 is reliable money for the decentralized economy
In a time of irresponsible money-printing and rampant asset inflation, experts disagree on how to best protect yourself and where to invest your savings. The Federal Reserve has stated repeatedly that “There is an infinite amount of cash at the Federal Reserve,” and that it can print digitally at will, which leads many to question the long-term viability of the dollar and the safety of their savings.


Related: Bretton Woods 2.0 is knocking at our door, and it’s not here to help

Ether (ETH) incentivizes participation on Ethereum via mining rewards. It also serves as the base asset for the decentralized economy built on top of Ethereum by functioning as a base trading pair, loan collateral and more.

Eth2’s design builds upon and expands ETH’s moneyness characteristics in two ways:

Eth2’s rate of inflation is expected to be less than 1%, one of the lowest inflation rates of any protocol and much lower than the dollar.
EIP-1559 (which will likely be active on Ethereum even before the transition to Eth2) will make ETH more scarce, and therefore potentially more valuable, as Eth2 usage increases.
Related: Ethereum Improvement Proposal 1559: Is the squeeze worth the juice?

The Ethereum community follows a policy of minimum viable issuance to keep the chain secure against attacks, such as double-spending. This approach is markedly different from today’s economies, in which central banks have tremendous control over monetary policy. Users, enterprises and governments can feel confident working with Eth2 because its base unit issuance is only used for one specific purpose: security, and that raison d'être cannot be repurposed to serve alternate goals. Additionally, the entire monetary policy is known and public, so everyone has equal insight and access to understand all protocol rules.

Eth2 empowers and enables self-sovereignty
Many people, across the political spectrum, feel disempowered today, as politics and the economy seem totally disconnected from the real world and our everyday lives. The promise of crypto, for many, is flipping that dynamic on its head and giving power back to the individual. Eth2, in particular, shines here.

Eth2 allows any individual, enterprise or government to run validators, actively opt in to the rules of the protocol and enforce them for all other participants. It enables a sense of ownership, confidence and self-sovereignty that is harder to achieve solely as a consumer. It also enables all entities to trustlessly build and verify the state, which makes us all work from the same set of facts — a rare occurrence in today’s world.

Eth2 does not cap the validator active set, and only requires 32 ETH to spin up a validator. While not equally accessible to everyone, this sum is not unreasonable, as running a validator allows an entity to support the decentralized economy in perpetuity, while earning the crypto equivalent of the risk-free rate of return. And those with less than 32 ETH (most people) can always pool their funds using Kraken, Rocket Pool or other services to participate on Eth2.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Author thanks Vitalik Buterin for providing feedback on this piece.

Viktor Bunin leads protocol operations at Bison Trails, a blockchain infrastructure provider recently acquired by Coinbase. He previously worked at ConsenSys, a crypto venture studio, where he advised clients on blockchain strategy and designed economic incentives for network stakeholders. Viktor believes the community is the killer feature and helped organize ETHDenver, ETHNewYork, Lightning Summit and other gatherings.

Eth2 is neutral infrastructure for our financial future
https://cryptonews.net/575030/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

26
Total staking rewards on proof-of-stake blockchains will almost double this year to $18.9 billion, up from last year’s $10 billion, predicted a report on staking by Ethereum infrastructure firm Staked.

“In every case, staking provided better returns than simply holding the asset: stakers earned an additional yield of between roughly 4% and 34% in one quarter,” the report said.

Staking means to pledge cryptocurrency money to a blockchain network. Staking helps the blockchain validate transactions—key to keeping things running. Staked funds can’t be used elsewhere.

Staking can only be performed on blockchains that rely on a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism to validate transactions, such as Tezos. You can’t stake Bitcoin on the Bitcoin blockchain because it uses a proof-of-work consensus mechanism, whereby energy-intensive mining validates transactions.

Ethereum is currently a proof-of-work network, but it’s preparing to shift to proof-of-stake as part of its hotly-anticipated Ethereum 2.0 upgrade. Last November, Ethereum opened up staking for Ethereum 2.0. There are 3.9 million ETH staked on ETH 2.0, which is worth about $8.6 billion in today’s price.

ETH staking will accelerate
Tim Ogilvie, CEO of Staked, said that ETH 2.0 staking will accelerate in the next six to twelve months, thanks to two major changes that Ethereum will undergo this year.

The first is EIP-1559, an improvement proposal to reduce the supply of Ethereum. A hard fork to implement the upgrade is scheduled for 14 July, as confirmed by an announcement yesterday.

As for London timelines, this is roughly what we are going for. We didn't want to set blocks on this call given that code is still not merged in clients and we are still waiting on an EIP, but the dates should be pretty fixed, and blocks should come during the next call. pic.twitter.com/sD5ZqtwvvA

— Tim Beiko | timbeiko.eth ☀️ (@TimBeiko) April 23, 2021

EIP-1559 will burn transaction fees instead of paying them directly to miners. At a total of $8 billion, transaction fees account for 3-4% of Ethereum’s total supply, according to Staked’s report. And burning those fees could pump ETH’s price, Ogilvie told Decrypt last month, since it would constrict the supply of Ethereum.

The second change to Ethereum is the merge to Ethereum 2.0, a big chunk of which is provisionally set for late 2021. That’s when ETH1 and ETH2 will be able to communicate with each other, marking a milestone in the full transition to ETH2.

Ethereum Upgrade Could Pump Price By Burning Billions in ETH Each Year
But that merge won’t complete the switch to Ethereum 2.0. It still “leaves out things like github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Sharding-FAQ" target="_blank">sharding,” Ogilvie told Decrypt. Sharding slices down data into smaller chunks to make the Ethereum network faster and cheaper to use—one of the flagship features of Ethereum 2.0.

Staking Rewards Will Double to $18.9 Billion by 2022: Report
https://cryptonews.net/575166/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

27
 It’s been revealed that Coinbase insiders and investors sold $5 billion in shares in total during the exchange’s first day of trading on NASDAQ earlier this week, says a series of filings that have been made the other day with the US SEC.

Coindesk reveals that “CEO Brian Armstrong sold 749,999 shares in three batches at prices ranging from $381 to $410.40 per for total proceeds of $291.8 million, according to one filing.”

Armstrong sold about 1.5% of his stake
The same online publication notes that “While a Coinbase representative declined to comment due to the company being in a so-called “quiet period,” based on filings made before the listing, it would indicate Armstrong sold about 1.5% of his stake.”

Another filing discloses that Coinbase’s director and venture capitalist Frederick Wilson sold 4.70 million shares for proceeds of $1.82 billion.

It’s been also revealed that it’s not very clear how much of Coinbase Wilson is still holding he is listed on the SEC filing as holding at least 10% of shares in Coinbase – the exchange’s total market cap is $63.6 billion.

Someone on Twitter brought this up and said:

Exactly.. Dumps always have reasons for it while pumps is naturally coming …
I wonder why Coinbase CEO and CFO sold most of their shares at the top, and why Coinbase listing and CME listing in 2017 were exactly the top of the bull cycle

— Corn-Holio (@Bitcoin_Holio) April 18, 2021

To this, Scott Melker responded with the following words: “they didn’t sell most near the top, that was fake news. They sold the shares they had to for a direct listing, a fraction of their holdings. They had to sell for buyers to have shares to buy.”

Another commenter said: “That is what a direct listing is. They sell their shares directly to the public. I don’t think any new shares were created, so there wouldn’t be a market if they didn’t sell.”

Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong Sells $291.8M In Shares On Opening Day
https://cryptonews.net/551942/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

28
Binance is down amidst the fall of the crypto market. The crypto exchange tweeted that they are experiencing some order placement related issues.

Check out their tweet below:

We are aware of some temporary problems with order placement on https://t.co/KiZP5RBX6P.

Our team is doing everything we can to resolve the issue. Thank you for your patience and apologies for any inconvenience caused.

— Binance (@binance) April 18, 2021

Someone commented the following: “What guarantee do we have that this isn’t an engineered dump? Massive MARKET wide dumping, Binance, the largest exchange, all of a sudden has problems implementing trades. Funny how this happens on the dot-like clockwork. Nothing to see here, just pure fraud.”

Another person said: “Right when the market dipped? That doesn’t look like good infrastructure to handle a lot of trades that, too at volatile times. #Binance steps up the game, son.”

More people noted that Binance down when the market collapses is not the greatest thing out there.

The crypto market drops
The crypto market is all bloody today, as Bitcoin and the digital assets collapse. This is reportedly due to the fact that the U.S. Treasury Department may soon accuse a number of financial institutions of using digital assets to launder money.

The popular Twitter account FXHedge was the first to cover the potential move from the agency, sending an alert out to 122,700 followers.

The tweet, which cites unnamed sources, quickly went viral.

U.S. TREASURY TO CHARGE SEVERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR MONEY LAUNDERING USING CRYPTOCURRENCIES -SOURCES

— FXHedge (@Fxhedgers) April 18, 2021

A few minutes after the tweet was published, the crypto markets plunged into deep red territory, with Bitcoin dropping from about $59,000 to a low of $52,800.

At the moment of writing this article, BTC is trading in the red, and the digital asset is priced at $54,483.81.

Binance Down: The Exchange Has Temporary Issues With Order Placements
https://cryptonews.net/551888/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

29
After the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a directive targeting the country’s cryptocurrency industry, bitcoin and altcoin trade volumes on centralized exchanges immediately plunged. Nevertheless, the new regulations seem to have succeeded in boosting crypto trade volumes on informal markets or on peer-to-peer trading platforms.

Nigerian Crypto Traders Get Creative
Still, the increasing trades on informal platforms have also led to increased reports of users losing money to con artists. Moreover, with the CBN seemingly eager to see volumes of crypto trades plummet, Nigerian users had to find ingenious but legal ways of getting around the central bank’s imposed restrictions.

As shown in one local report, one such legal way is through an app created by one local crypto start-up, Patricia. According to the report, this application is already enabling Nigerian users to buy or sell their crypto assets securely and without running afoul of CBN regulations. Therefore, in this report, we relist five legitimate ways Nigerians can use this app to safely trade their bitcoins.

Airtime Refill
As explained in the report, users of the Patricia platform are still able to use their BTC balances to pay for regular expenses like airtime, utilities as well as internet data packages. The conversion from crypto to fiat is done seamlessly within the app.

Peer to Peer Exchange
The Patricia platform is also being used to facilitate safe and secure peer-to-peer transactions. According to the report, Patricia’s peer-to-peer platform is powered by Vaunt, an international P2P digital currency marketplace that facilitates faster and easier money transactions.

Receiving Payments
For Nigerian businesses that want to hasten the process of receiving payments from customers abroad, Patricia Business offers this opportunity. As explained in the report, Patricia Business “is a bitcoin payment gateway that allows traders, merchants and business owners across the country to receive bitcoin payments from their customers.” Once received, the crypto will be seamlessly converted to naira and transferred into their local bank accounts.


Patricia Debit Card
Nigerians can also legally use their bitcoin to make purchases locally via the Patricia naira debit card. Additionally, Patricia has a bitcoin debit card option that comes in both physical and virtual forms. This card can be used to shop online or at a bitcoin ATM anywhere in the world.

Gift Card Trading
Patricia users can also buy gift cards with their bitcoin funds on the Patricia app. Converting bitcoins into gift cards enables users to shop on major online marketplaces without necessarily violating CBN regulations.

P2P Bitcoin Traders in Nigeria Think Outside the Box in the Wake of CBN Restrictions
https://cryptonews.net/552070/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

30
Ethereum is almost completing an ascending triangle target of $2,664.
The slightest resistance path remains north despite bearish advances.
Ethereum price is on a roll to new all-time highs following a recent break above an ascending triangle pattern. As discussed on Thursday, establishing support above $2,400 was key to securing the uptrend to $2,500. At the time of writing, Ethereum teeters at $2,505 after making a tremendous milestone.

The daily chart illustrates the formation of an ascending triangle. This pattern forms in an uptrend and tends to signify continuation. The triangle brings to light a consolidation period before a breakout comes to life.

Two trend lines create an ascending triangle, connecting a series of equal peaks and sequential higher lows. A breakout comes into the picture when the price slices through the x-axis. Note that triangles are known to have exact breakout targets measured from the lowest to highest points.

For instance, following Ethereum’s break above the triangle, the uptrend has been moving toward the 34% target to $2,664. The primary goal at the moment is to secure higher support, preferably above $2,500. Support at this level would prove to the investors that the uptrend is intact and market stability has not been compromised. Besides, bulls will have the opportunity to focus not only on the triangle target but the rise to $3,000.

Ethereum price cracks $2,500 for the first time in history, shifts attention to $3,000
https://cryptonews.net/546888/?utm_source=CryptoNews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=shared

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