~ ~ ~
I have a question. And why do you think developing countries can't just learn from more successful/stable countries ? Just borrow a model that has proven itself? For example, the Criminal Code, tax laws, and other fundamental laws that have worked well in other countries? It seems to me that in today's world, except for some "special countries", borrowing and adapting "outside experience" may not be a bad way to solve accumulated problems ?
In a way, we can take Singapore as an example, which has reformed quite effectively, essentially borrowing some solutions to fight very strong corruption. Thanks to Lee Kuan Yew for that. In my opinion, external factors aside, it is corruption that is at the root of economic problems in many countries.
It is not a matter of can or cannot, it is a matter of time.
The larger a country is in terms of population, culture, area, and low levels of education, the more complex the problems it faces and the longer it takes to reform.
That's why Singapore, can quickly reform its bureaucracy. They are a small country
Corruption is just a consequence, not the root of the problem.
The underlying cause is poor governance, led by poor leaders.
In a democracy, these leaders are elected by bad voters.
So the quality of the voters in a democracy will determine the future of their country.