Borussia Dortmund is quite lucky because they can still play in the Champions League next season even though they are ranked 5th. The new format that will be implemented really saves them.
Yes, specifically for the Bundesliga and Serie A, they got 5 clubs to qualify for the UCL this season based on the new format. And Dortmund is like that, even though they are in 5th place, they entered the UCL, since they qualified for the semi-finals. Moreover, they were in the UCL final against Real Madrid. So they have the opportunity to be in the UCL next season...
Of course. There are many examples of this in the Premier League. There are several clubs that are no longer in the UCL qualifications because their performance has dropped so much that their rankings have also dropped. In the Bundesliga, there is Union Berlin which had to be expelled from the UCL, not only that, in fact this club almost entered the relegation zone. It's serious. completely inversely proportional to Stuttgart. Where last season Stuttgart were in the relegation zone and qualified for the playoffs so they were still in Bundesliga 1.

When compared between Union Berlin vs Stuttgart, it is really, an extremely significant difference in performance changes.