Two of my friends are currently own/using telegram account they registered with an anonymous phone number which they bought from telegram through fragment, there haven't been any issue of ban whatsoever since the accounts were created over three to four years ago.
I guess Fragment is the only exception at this moment. You should know that not everybody uses fragment numbers since they are not too cheap. I saw the price today, and it starts at $12, and only two numbers are available for $12. The next one is $60, which I consider too expensive, while you can buy a real SIM card for $5.
I did not verify their claims that accounts created with virtual numbers are getting banned, but I believe that because I tried to create one and did not receive an OTP from Telegram. My Telegram account was banned two months ago without knowing what rules I had violated, and I assume I was banned without any reason.
Well, I really dont know and I am not trying to downplay you here, but sincerely speaking, I am a very active user of Telegram since 2017, I have like 5 telegram accounts, that of my wife which I am still the one mostly using it makes it six, none of this accounts have ever been banned, the most common penalty or punishment for violenting rules on telegram is restriction from chat, they can restrict you from chatting, sometimes up to 3 months long depending on how frequent other users report your account.
So, it's kind of hard to believe that your telegram account was outrightly banned for absolutely no reason, sorry I don't believe you.
And again, visual numbers are of different types and have different providers, and like what I said before, when you use a visual number you bought on fragment to sign up a telegram account, such account can not be banned, at all because telegram own fragment and you literally bought the visual number from telegram, which also only works on telegram.
Sorry if this comment seem way too off the reason for this thread which is to discuss mixers, specially Thormixer, and cryptocurrency users privacy, i, like everyone else I believe, is only trying to understand telegram better, which actually is one the platforms Thormixer have built a mixing app on..